Highlights
- • Limited evidence on exploration of PM2.5 effects with urine metabolomics approach
- • We designed a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of air purifiers.
- • We identified 16 lipids, 5 purines, 2 neurotransmitters, and 3 coenzymes.
- • PM2.5 results in energy metabolism perturbation, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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